THIS DOES NOT EXIST AND WILL LIKELY NEVER EXIST.
What MOVING FORWARD AFFORDABLE CARE ACT TELEMEDICINE research has most of its barber surgeons doing in research is how to circumvent INVOLUNTARY/AUTONOMOUS nerve systems. To eliminate FREE WILL in a person such they cannot think or physically respond according to their own FIGHT OR FLIGHT neurological instincts-----global banking 1% must MAP those regions of nervous system-----understand one of the most complex biosystems more complex then the computer structures of SUPER-DUPER BIG DEAD HEADS. No doubt, CLINTON/BUSH/OBAMA global banking pols and players are trying.
These few decades of funding to study THE BRAIN have allowed for a very strong mapping of our human BRAIN ----there is much knowledge to allow all the behavioral controls we discussed earlier this week. What these barber surgeons need is NANOTECHNOLOGY----they need NANOBOTS-----to simply document superficial structure and chemistry.
HOW DOES GLOBAL 1% OLD WORLD KINGS AND QUEENS KNIGHTS OF MALTA TRIBE OF JUDAH CREATE THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS FOR SPACE TRAVEL MINING SLAVE HIBERNATION?
It tells the HOSPITALLER barber surgeons to find a way to circumvent our involuntary actions.
Below we see these involuntary neural cells are found not only in major regions of brain and spinal cord as BRAIN STEM OBLONGATA ----but they are found in each organ controlled by involuntary nerves. A researcher can map out BRAIN STEM OBLONGATA-----can understand all of biochemistry of interactions within and around the brain stem------but then have not a clue as to how those peripheral neural cells inside individual organs are connected and their needs from surrounding tissues.
What Controls Involuntary Activities Such As Breathing and Heartbeat?
A:
Quick Answer
Involuntary activities are controlled by the autonomous nervous system, whose main component is a part of the brain stem called the medulla oblongata. This system, as a subset of the peripheral nervous system, functions outside the brain and spinal cord and is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The medulla oblongata directly controls heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing and digestion. The sympathetic nervous system controls the body's "fight-or-flight" response, which quickly increases blood flow and breathing rate in response to danger or excitement. The parasympathetic nervous system does the opposite; it reverses the changes done by the sympathetic nervous system in order to calm the body, although its response is slower and occurs over the course of a few minutes.
- Q: Where Are Involuntary Muscles Found? A: Involuntary muscles are found in the circulatory system, digestive system and urinary system. Humans do not exert any control over these muscles, which is ... Full Answer >
Filed Under: - Q: What Is the Anatomy of the Human Brain? A: Several specialized areas make up the human brain, such as the cortex, brain stem, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Another way of looking at the human brain ... Full Answer >
Filed Under: - Q: What Portion of the Brain Controls Muscular Coordination? A: The cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem are all integral parts of coordinating muscular movement. The brain is part of a vast network, known as the... Full Answer >
Filed Under: - Q: What Does the Brain Stem Do? A: The brain stem controls a number of basic bodily processes that are necessary for life. According to Brain-Guide.org, the brain stem functions as an autopi..
The biological complications in understanding THE BRAIN and neural cell operation with goals of circumventing INVOLUNTARY human nerve system responses mirror that of NATURAL MINERAL AND VITAMIN take-up by body from foods-----vs manufactured vitamins and supplements that our human body will not in most cases ABSORB. Global banking 1% have studied and marketed these biological research and development LIES for decades and still have not found a way to manufacture vitamins and minerals for body nutrition that acts the same way as our body processing natural food.
This is the same problem global banking 1% will have with goals of involuntary nerve system control needed for both mind-control of workers as POD PEOPLE and those space travelling planetary mining slaves transports pushed into HIBERNATION.
REMEMBER, OUR US 99% WE THE PEOPLE HAVE ALLOWED A GLOBAL BANKING 5% POLS AND PLAYER TO CONTROL OUR GOVERNMENT, PUBLIC AGENCIES AND THE ONLY TALENT THEY HAVE ----LYING, CHEATING, AND STEALING.
As with all egomaniacs as criminal cartels ----those at the top sit there and say
'we don't care if it cannot be done----just make it happen'.
This is what MOVING FORWARD in US has reduced our once strongest in world history educated society.
These few decades have had our US media and global banking academic research institutions paid to convince 99% WE THE PEOPLE black, white, and brown citizens that there never was anything called FREE WILL. Indeed, our involuntary nervous system is not FREE WILL. What is free will is our BRAIN functions that allow humans to REASON and control that FIGHT OR FLIGHT reaction. We see what looks to be a dangerous person coming towards us------we can think for a few seconds to reason why that person may not be dangerous so we curb the need for FLIGHT.
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN----AS PSYCHOLOGY TODAY ALL CAPTURED TO GLOBAL BANKING 1% NO LONGER GIVING REAL DATA.
Mind
How Free Is Your Will?
A clock face, advanced neurosurgery--and startling philosophical questions about the decision to act
- By Daniela Schiller, David Carmel on March 22, 2011
Credit: Marianne Reddan
Think about the last time you got bored with the TV channel you were watching and decided to change it with the remote control. Or a time you grabbed a magazine off a newsstand, or raised a hand to hail a taxi. As we go about our daily lives, we constantly make choices to act in certain ways. We all believe we exercise free will in such actions – we decide what to do and when to do it. Free will, however, becomes more complicated when you try to think how it can arise from brain activity.
Do we control our neurons or do they control us? If everything we do starts in the brain, what kind of neural activity would reflect free choice? And how would you feel about your free will if we were to tell you that neuroscientists can look at your brain activity, and tell that you are about to make a decision to move – and that they could do this a whole second and a half before you yourself became aware of your own choice?
Scientists from UCLA and Harvard -- Itzhak Fried, Roy Mukamel and Gabriel Kreiman -- have taken an audacious step in the search for free will, reported in a new article in the journal Neuron. They used a powerful tool – intracranial recording – to find neurons in the human brain whose activity predicts decisions to make a movement, challenging conventional notions of free will.
Fried is one of a handful of neurosurgeons in the world who perform the delicate procedure of inserting electrodes into a living human brain, and using them to record activity from individual neurons. He does this to pin down the source of debilitating seizures in the brains of epileptic patients. Once he locates the part of the patients’ brains that sparks off the seizures, he can remove it, pulling the plug on their neuronal electrical storms.
Such epileptic seizures are random. No one knows when to expect them, so after the electrodes are implanted everybody sits around and waits. This gives researchers a unique opportunity to observe human neurons in action: During the wait, patients may volunteer to participate in experiments, allowing scientists to discover what functions the recorded neurons carry out. The invasive surgery required to implant electrodes (performed routinely in animals like rats and monkeys for research) cannot be done in humans unless a medical condition (such as epilepsy that does not respond to drugs) calls for it. Such investigations are, therefore, rare.
Fried and his colleagues implanted electrodes in twelve patients, recording from a total of 1019 neurons. They adopted an experimental procedure that Benjamin Libet, a pioneer of research on free will at the University of California, San Francisco, developed almost thirty years ago: They had their patients look at a hand sweeping around a clock-face, asked them to press a button whenever they wanted to, and then had them indicate where the hand had been pointing when they decided to press the button. This provides a precise time for an action (the push) as well as the decision to act. With these data the experimenters can then look for neurons whose activity correlated with the will to act.
Such neurons, they found, abound in a region of the frontal lobe called the supplementary motor area, which is involved in the planning of movements. But here is the interesting thing: about a quarter of these neurons began to change their activity before the time patients declared as the moment they felt the urge to press the button. The change began as long as a second and a half before the decision, and as early as seven tenths of a second before it, this activity was robust enough that the researchers could predict with over 80 percent accuracy not only whether a movement had occurred, but when the decision to make it happened.
So it turns out that there are neurons in your brain that know you are about to make a movement the better part of a second before you know it yourself. What does that mean?
It might be tempting to conclude that free will is an illusion. Some have believed this since the days of Libet, who recorded EEG and found it contained a specific pattern that predicted his subjects movements before they felt the conscious will to act. EEG measures electrical activity on the surface of the head, combining information from billions of neurons; Fried and his colleagues have gone further, by finding individual neurons that do this.
But before reaching any sweeping conclusions, it is important to remember that this study looked at a very rudimentary kind of action. The decision to move a finger hardly ranks as the same kind of free will we exercise when we make moral choices or major life decisions. To conclude that we aren’t fully responsible for our actions, for example, would be extremely far-fetched.
And lets consider two more things. First, Fried and his colleagues used their patients’ reports on decision-to-move times; it is possible that people are just very bad at accurately remembering or reporting when they made such decisions (although it is unlikely that they would be wrong to the tune of over a second). Second, the decision to move a finger – especially when that’s the only thing you are supposed to do – might develop gradually rather than occurring at a single time. (Try it yourself: hold your finger against a surface, and wait till the urge to tap it causes you to. You may find that this urge isn’t an all-or-none thing, and you wait till it is strong enough to actually go ahead.)
Even with the above caveats, though, these findings are mind-boggling. They indicate that some activity in our brains may significantly precede our awareness of wanting to move. Libet suggested that free will works by vetoing: volition (the will to act) arises in neurons before conscious experience does, but conscious will can override it and prevent unwanted movements.
Other interpretations might require that we reconstruct our idea of free will. Rather than a linear process in which decision leads to action, our behavior may be the bottom-line result of many simultaneous processes: We are constantly faced with a multitude of options for what to do right now – switch the channel? Take a sip from our drink? Get up and go to the bathroom? But our set of options is not unlimited (i.e., the set of options we just mentioned is unlikely to include “launch a ballistic missile”). Deciding what to do and when to do it may be the result of a process in which all the currently-available options are assessed and weighted. Rather than free will being the ability to do anything at all, it might be an act of selection from the present range of options. And the decision might be made before you are even aware of it. Think about that next time you reach for the remote.
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Everyone knows the history of LOBOTOMIES performed to sedate people identified as mentally ill---or as revenge by powerful people against wives or enemies. The frontal lobe does indeed contain many neural cells tied to decisions of movement----but is curtailing people's ability to physically move removing the existence of FREE WILL?
In order to have functioning human PODS----which is the goal of space travelling human hibernation----these people must be able to arrive to the planet able to do the work for which they were enslaved to do.
'They used a powerful tool – intracranial recording – to find neurons in the human brain whose activity predicts decisions to make a movement, challenging conventional notions of free will'.
So, we inactivate those frontal lobe neurons then we reactivate them during the space travel now and then as the body must perform naturally now and then----with the idea that at the end of several years of doing this ----those frontal lobe neurons blocked would be removed. This is simply one neural region controlling physical movement----it does not control FREE WILL fight or flight the innate autonomous nervous system.
All of these discussions in national mainstream corporate media has allowed our US 99% WE THE PEOPLE to know the research focused on THE BRAIN is looking very seriously at these autonomous nervous system functions.
REMEMBER, when a global 1% and their 2% want to control a 99% of population---there has to be LOTS of fear-mongering----LOTS of myth-making------LOTS of FAKE DATA.
'They could then predict what you will do before you are aware of your choice. If this situation were ever to be possible — and it seems to me that it couldn't be in many different ways — free will would presumably be in trouble'.
Global banking 1% can indeed stop muscle movement that is VOLUNTARY-------freezing the human body like a zombie. Brain damage has done this forever. What global banking 1% will do is make sure 99% of WE THE PEOPLE do not have CHOICES to use FREE WILL.
What is REALLY MOVING FORWARD today in US FOREIGN ECONOMIC ZONES is the removal of CHOICES-----leading 99% WE THE PEOPLE to feel we have no FREE WILL. None of this can be done with research and development of THE BRAIN...no nanobots----
Philosophy
The Choice Is Yours: The Fate Of Free Will
January 15, 201410:02 AM ET Marcelo Gleiser
BASE jumping:
Could there be any other explanation for this than free will?
Everyone wants to be free; or at least have some choice in life. We all have our professional, family and social commitments. On the other hand, most people believe that they are free to choose what to do, from the simplest to the more complex: should I drink coffee with sugar or sweetener? Do I put some money in the savings or do I spend it all? Who should I vote for in the next elections? Should I marry Carmen or not?
The question of free will is essentially a question of agency, of who is in charge as we go through our lives making all sorts of choices.
Traditionally, it's been a topic for philosophers and theologians. But recent work in neuroscience is forcing a reconsideration of free will, to the point of questioning our freedom to choose. Many neuroscientists, and some philosophers, consider free will to be an illusion. Sam Harris, for example, wrote a short book arguing the case.
His shocking conclusion comes from a series of experiments that have revealed something quite remarkable: our brains decide a course of action before we know it. From Benjamin Libet's pioneering experiments in the 1980s using EEG to more recent investigations using fMRI, or implants directly in the neurons, the motor region responsible for making a motion in response to a question fired up before the subject was aware of it. The brain seems to be deciding before the mind knows about it.
If this is indeed true, the choices we think we are making, expressions of our freedom, are being made subconsciously, without our explicit control. Could it really be that we are so deluded?
The situation is not so simple. For one thing, defining free will is complicated. An operational definition is that free will is the ability to make one's own choices. Of course, we are always subjected to all sorts of constraints in our lives, from our genetics to our upbringing to our experiences. There is no blank slate over which we choose. Still, can it be that we are led to believe that we are the conscious agents of our choices when we aren't?
A popular argument against free will goes like this: imagine that in the future scientists will be able to map and decode all your mental states with arbitrary precision. They could then predict what you will do before you are aware of your choice. If this situation were ever to be possible — and it seems to me that it couldn't be in many different ways — free will would presumably be in trouble. But of course, such abstraction is mere fantasy: machines can't measure all our mental states in rapid succession if we don't even know how these states emerge. Any measurement that needs to track billions of neurons and trillions of synapses in time is far-fetched.
There is a risk of trivializing a question, cutting it down to shape so that it can be analyzed quantitatively.
Furthermore, the experiments in question here are limited to decisions that are far removed from the truly complex choices we make in our lives, those that involve a lot of back and forth thinking, prompt confusion, result in pondering, require talking to other people and generally take time to arrive at a conclusion. There is a huge gap in cognitive complexity from pushing buttons in a lab experiment to deciding whom you will marry, your profession or if you will commit a murder (psychopathic pathologies aside). When it comes to the choices we make in life, there is a spectrum of complexity and this is reflected in the issue of free will. Some do indeed happen before conscious awareness, and others don't.
It seems to me that the question of free will is not simply a black-and-white or yes-no kind of question, but one that embraces the full complexity of what it means to be human.
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All far-right wing, authoritarian, militaristic, extreme wealth extreme poverty LIBERTARIAN MARXIST corporate fascist structures use PSYCHOLOGY to make 99% of citizens think and act abandoning free will with the continuous loss of CHOICES.
VOTE FOR THE LEAST WORST our US 99% of voters are told in rigged and fraudulent elections-----our CHOICES are gone and yet we still want to feel we are VOTING----we are CITIZENS.
Please be careful in MOVING FORWARD to think deeply about what REAL SCIENTIFIC PROCEDURES AND GOALS are able to be achieved----and what propaganda and myth-making are trying to make our 99% of citizens think is REALLY HAPPENING.
Our poor citizens have been blocked into societal structures where they have NO CHOICES. They still have FREE WILL but to exercise that free will they would compromise or end valuable freedoms and risk death.
THE WHISPERING ROOM hero battling against these global banking 5% freemason/Greek mobsters JANE HAWK------advancing to the end of the book where she meets top gun billionaire badman says to herself----
IF I CANNOT ESCAPE THE BUILDING AFTER THE ATTACK I WILL FLY TO FREEDOM.
Of course this action does take place but not by JANE HAWK-----the action planned for herself is transferred to her enemy.
What is REALLY MOVING FORWARD today in US FOREIGN ECONOMIC ZONES is the removal of CHOICES-----leading 99% WE THE PEOPLE to feel we have no FREE WILL. None of this can be done with research and development of THE BRAIN...no nanobots----
The Devastating Impact of Choices
Jun 232011
Ripples by Robin_24
Our lives are the sum of our choices. Each choice that we make, whether it is big or small, shapes and determines our lives. The most obvious result of our choices is the impact it has on us. But our choices can also have an impact the lives of others, especially our loved ones.
When you drop a pebble into the water, it creates a ripple expansion that radiates outwards. Similarly, the impact from our choices also radiates outwards, affecting the world around us for better or for worse. Good choices bring joy and blessings into our lives. Poor choices on the other hand, haunt us internally as regrets and externally as problems. Hence, we must be careful of the choices we make and the impact they have.
The Delayed Impact of Personal Choices
If the impact of our choices were immediate, we would think twice before we act. For instance, we would not think of placing our hand in the fire because of the burn and pain. But many of our choices do not have an immediate or obvious impact. As a result, we make choices without thinking too much of the consequences. By the time the full impact of our choice hits us in the future, it is too late for regrets.
Take the striking example where Arnold Schwarzenegger fathered a child with his housekeeper. Although he made a poor choice over a decade ago, it is only now that his deed has caught up with him. Due to his folly, everything in his life has grinded to a halt. Instead of working on new projects and enjoying the love of his family, he has to struggle to cope with a needless problem. And this is not the end, but only the beginning, as he will have to pay for the choice he made for years to come. But what is truly regrettable is how it has changed the life of his family forever. They too have to cope with the fallout from his choice. The most obvious change is the upheaval caused by his impending divorce from his wife. If Arnold had realized the true impact of his choice earlier, he would have acted differently.
Coral Reefs by See Monterey
The Delayed Impact of Collective Choices
But our choices may not just affect the people around us. There are also choices that we make as a collective whole that can have a greater impact than we imagine. The harm that the choices of many can cause is great. This is especially so when we are not aware of the full impact of our collective actions. It can set in motion a chain of events that may be too hard to stop by the time we choose to act. If the impact from a bad personal decision can cause great upheaval in our lives, the impact from a bad collective decision can threaten the very survival of the planet. Many lives could be at stake although not all of us will be aware of it.
Take the ecological damage that we are doing to the Earth. Individually, our actions and choices do not cause much harm. But as a collective whole, we can cause the extinction of many species that will upset the delicate balance of nature. For example, if the coral reefs become extinct, it will affect many of the coastal communities, which will lose a source of food and tourism. This could in turn set in motion a chain of events that will affect the rest of the world. Yet because the changes do not affect our daily lives in an obvious way, we do not give it much thought. By the time we become aware of the danger, it may be too late. Future generations might end up having to clean up the mess we leave behind. Worse still, they will suffer for it.
Even so, the choices of many can also be beneficial. We can all work together to change and choose wisely. This is important because we are essentially on the same planet. Each choice and action that we make can affect the lives of others as well. Therefore, it is important to give our choices some thought to ensure it is not only beneficial to us, but to others as well.
Making Choices with Awareness
What can we do to make better choices?
We have to broaden our awareness of the impact of our choices. Doing so can make a big difference between a good and a bad choice. But how do we go about increasing our awareness? The answer is simple. Knowledge is power. We have to educate ourselves about the impact of our choices to increase our awareness. We have to consider the possible consequences that our choices and actions can cause. Being aware of the impact of our choices will lead to better decision making.
To access this awareness, we have to ask ourselves two questions before we make any important decision.
1. If I make this choice or continue along this path, how are events likely to develop?
2. What kind of impact will my choice have on my loved ones, the world and me now and in the future?
The answers to these questions should give us a greater awareness of the situation. It will remind us to think of the big picture before we act. It will also alert us to the signs of the times so that we know if a choice will lead to success or not. If the choice is beneficial and has no harm, we can proceed with peace of mind. But if there is the danger of harm to others or the world, then we must think again before we act. To do otherwise will lead to regrets in the future.
Children at Play by Strocchi
Taking Action
There is no fate but what we make. We have immense power to shape our lives and the world around us through our choices and actions. But such power is a double-edged sword that we must use wisely. If we abuse this power with poor choices, it will return to haunt us in the future. These problems will not only affect us, but our loved ones as well. While we may survive some problems, we might not survive the ones that matter the most and this could cost us dearly. So think before you act and choose wisely. This is the best way to live an inspired life in harmony with change.
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We want to first educate as to what capabilities exist today for our citizens black, white, and brown to KNOW when they see FAKE NEWS---FAKE DATA. Here we have again that leader in THE BRAIN research tied to MILITARY medical needs and telemedicine----JOHNS HOPKINS ----showing how rudimentary studies of brain neural systems are even in lower animals. There is no NANOBOT solutions capable of being injected into any citizen to make them CAPTURED ZOMBIE POD PEOPLE.
What our 99% of US WE THE PEOPLE must fight is the current control of our US government by global banking 1% who have no humanity ---no morals ---no ethics----they are sociopaths so they will keep exposing our 99% of citizens to damaging medical experimentation trying to reach these goals of space travelling LSD therapy hibernation and global corporate campus mind-controlled workers.
KNOWLEDGE IS NOT THE ENEMY-----TODAY IT IS KNOWLEDGE IN HANDS OF PEOPLE WITH 3000 BC ---DNA.
Mapping the brain, neuron by neuron
Date:
August 10, 2017
Source:
Johns Hopkins University
Summary:
A mathematician and computer scientist joined an international team of neuroscientists to create a complete map of the learning and memory center of the fruit fly larva brain, an early step toward mapping how all animal brains work.
A Johns Hopkins University mathematician and computer scientist joined an international team of neuroscientists to create a complete map of the learning and memory center of the fruit fly larva brain, an early step toward mapping how all animal brains work.
In a paper in the current issue of the journal Nature, the team reported on drawing up the map, known as a "connectome."
The project could serve as a guide as scientists work their way up the animal kingdom and eventually chart connections among neurons in the brains of mammals. The part of the fruit fly larva brain used in the study corresponds roughly to the cerebral cortex in mammals.
"Nobody's ever done a complete connectome" before, other than for a roundworm brain with roughly 300 neurons, said Carey E. Priebe, a professor of applied mathematics and statistics in Johns Hopkins' Whiting School of Engineering.
The portion of the fruit fly larva brain mapped in this project includes roughly 1,600 of the 10,000 neurons contained in a larva's entire brain. The adult fruit fly brain comprises roughly 100,000 neurons, and the leap in complexity to mammals is far greater still. At the top of the chain, the human brain contains 86 billion to 100 billion neurons.
For the newly published research, Priebe and Youngser Park, a computer scientist in the Whiting School's Center for Imaging Science, did a statistical analysis of connections among neurons that neuroscientists using electron microscopy had found in the fruit fly larva brain. Priebe and Park were part of a group of 17 scientists from eight research institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany who took part in this work.
The Priebe and Park analysis reveals patterns of connections among the six types of neurons that had previously been misunderstood or were entirely unknown, contributing to a better understanding of how this portion of the fruit fly larva brain works. The challenge is roughly analogous to sorting out the relationships of all the parts of a complex electrical grid.
The new research focused strictly on the structural connections, leaving aside functional questions of how the connections are associated with particular behaviors. Those questions were taken up in research that Priebe and Park also worked on that was published three years ago in the journal Science. In that case, scientists identified 29 separate fruit fly larva behaviors, including crawling forward and backward, rolling, hunching up, and turning away from specific odors. The two Johns Hopkins researchers then mapped the neurons that trigger those actions.
A few months after that work was published in 2014, Priebe was awarded a two-year $300,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to continue the work on brain circuitry along with neuroscientists from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Janelia Research Campus in Virginia. Nine Janelia scientists worked on the new research published in Nature.
The NSF program supports the $100 million BRAIN Initiative launched by then-President Barack Obama in 2013. The effort marshals the work of several agencies to speed the development of new technologies in neuroscience to help researchers understand how the brain works.
While Priebe does not expect to see a complete synapse-level structural connectome for the human brain completed in his lifetime, he said the new work moves the effort a bit further along.
"It is a step," Priebe said. "It's an early step, but it's a step."
Priebe and Park were supported in their work on this project by National Science Foundation BRAIN EAGER award DBI-1451081.
The other research institutions taking part in this project were the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Campus, Columbia University, University of Cambridge, University of Konstanz, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University and the Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences.
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The goals of human hibernation in space travel does involve INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM -----body homeostasis.
Our human body homeostasis is not only our body temperature of 99 degree C-----it is not only our respiration rates and blood pressure averages we consider in NORMAL RANGE. Our body homeostasis is as complex as brain biochemistry as it involves the manufacturing, movement, storage, release of all those chemicals in our body that make each organ system work INCLUDING our nervous system.
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.[1][2] The stable condition is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism, and is dependent on many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within certain pre-set limits.[3] Other variables include the pH of extracellular fluid, the concentrations of sodium, potassium and calcium ions, as well as that of the blood sugar level, and these need to be regulated despite changes in the environment, diet, or level of activity. Each of these variables is controlled by one or more regulators or homeostatic mechanisms, which together maintain life.
To reach the goals of space travel human hibernation requires conditioning the body on several levels to ignore vital body homeostasis======regarding breathing, blood pressure, body temperature. Hibernation is the lowering of all these AUTO-REGULATORS. So, if BEARS do it -----why can't HUMANS do it?
As we stated, humans have evolved a complex network of chemicals in each organ system that works to create that AUTO-REGULATION. We cannot simply find DNA sequences to manipulate genes and think humans can live like BEARS.
REMEMBER what DEREGULATION does to any system---as our US economic and banking system totally criminal, corrupt, and malfunctioning. The same thing happens to any ORGANIZED WELL-REGULATED SYSTEM when it is disrupted.
'Astronauts can barely walk after returning from a few weeks or months in zero gravity, and have to keep up rigorous exerciseprogrammes to maintain bones and muscles while in orbit'.
Remember, in far-right wing authoritarian MAOIST corporate fascism we are all IN THE MILITARY serving with no CHOICE-----see have always applauded these space pioneers for volunteering---we do not want what is MOVING FORWARD----FORCED EXPOSURE to these medical goals.
Can humans hibernate in space?
Researchers are studying the feasibility of astronauts mimicking animals to sleep their way to Mars
Eric Niiler for the Washington Post
Mon 27 Apr 2015 08.04 EDT
What better way to pass a long stretch of time than by entering a deep sleep to shut down some bodily functions and conserve energy? Bears do it to get through cold winters. So do many smaller mammals, including squirrels and hedgehogs. Even the fat-tailed lemur (a primate cousin of Homo sapiens), living in warm Madagascar, slows down for months when its food supply runs low. But for us humans, hibernation has been an unnecessary and impossible goal. Until now.Taking lessons from animal hibernators, scientists are using their tricks for medical therapies and may some day adopt them for space travel. Some physicians are employing therapeutic hypothermia – a lowering of the body temperature by a few degrees for several days at a time – to help treat patients with traumatic brain injuries or conditions such as epilepsy. And trials are under way to see if there is a way to lower the body temperature of people, keep them in a sleep-like state for days or weeks and then revive them with no ill effects, something that astronauts may have to do to travel deep into space.
“We see the science has advanced enough to put some of the science fiction into the realm of science reality,” says Leopold Summerer, head of the advanced concepts team of the European Space Agency, one of the operators of the International Space Station. “It doesn’t mean we will have hibernating astronauts any time soon, but we are learning from nature how to understand some of the things that happen to animals during hibernation, such as preventing bone loss or preventing muscle loss.”
A panel of European biomedical researchers, biologists and neuroscientists is expected to deliver recommendations for future lines of human hibernation research and funding soon, according to Summerer. One Italian scientist says he is conducting an experiment to test an animal’s body thermostat for a six-hour period as a precursor to human trials.
Nasa funded a preliminary study that looked at the idea of putting astronauts into a state of torpor, or hibernation, for weeks at a time. The prospective benefits that were reported last year included a cut in the food and water required on their spacecraft, a reduction in waste products, smaller living quarters and less space needed for supplies, exercise and entertainment. And putting the crew to sleep might minimise their psychological challenges.The idea, however, didn’t make it to a second round of funding. John Bradford, head of the company that proposed the human hibernation, says he’s hoping to get funding elsewhere. Nasa says it will be using the year-long sojourn US astronaut Scott Kelly just started at the International Space Station, combined with medical monitoring of his Earthbound twin brother, retired astronaut Mark Kelly, to collect clues about protecting humans who leave Earth’s orbit for months or years at a time.
Biologists aren’t waiting for results from space. They are busy dissecting the neurological and biochemical pathways of such hibernating animals as the Arctic ground squirrel, which sets its internal body temperature at freezing point during the winter, and several kinds of bears that slumber six months at a time without awakening as puny weaklings. “We think that if we understand how they do it, we can replicate it in humans,” said Kelly Drew, a biochemist at the University of Alaska at Fairbanks. Drew and her colleagues at the university’s Institute of Arctic Biology are looking at how the Arctic ground squirrel can get so cold without dying. She believes she has found the molecule that does the job, the A1 adenosine receptor. While she has learned that stimulating this receptor makes the animal get cold, she hasn’t found what triggers it.
“We don’t know what the natural signal is for torpor,” she said. “We don’t know where the signal occurs in the brain – it could be in the brain stem or the hypothalamus.” The next step is to learn how to safely use drugs that stimulate the A1 adenosine receptor and then induce animals that do not normally hibernate to enter and stay in a state of torpor for two to three weeks at a time.
A shorter period of human deep sleep, induced by cooling the body, is already used to help brain-injury patients at the Johns Hopkins University and many other hospitals. Romergryko Geocadin, a Hopkins professor of neurology and anaesthesiology, has used the treatment, known as therapeutic hypothermia, to help patients with severe epilepsy or brain trauma. “We don’t know why it works,” Geocadin said, “but we know it slows down metabolism and the inflammation” that occurs in the brain with epilepsy. Cooling the body gives the brain a chance to repair itself. “You actually lower the need for energy for the entire body,” he said. “So you give it time to catch up.”
Using ice packs, liquid-filled blankets, caps and even cooling IV fluids, Geocadin lowers a patient’s body temperature from its ordinary level of about 37C to about 33-34C for up to three days at a time. (This involves a handful of patients each month who are comatose because of cardiac arrest or who are experiencing seizures or brain swelling.) Longer than that, “and the whole house of cards starts to fall apart”, increasing the risk of blood clots, pneumonia and other complications.
Scientists in Italy have started a clinical trial to lower a pig’s temperature by inhibiting a part of the hypothalamus that controls energy levels, in effect inducing hypothermia.It’s a proof-of-concept trial that could lead to longer durations of torpor for an animal that doesn’t normally hibernate. Inhibiting this region of the brain “seems to work the same way in several different species”, said Matteo Cerri, an assistant professor of physiology at the University of Bologna, who is leading the work. “There is some wishful thinking that the same [areas of the brain] could work across all mammals.” Cerri and other researchers hope to apply some of these new medical and pharmaceutical approaches to healthy human volunteers. But that could be a way off, scientists say, given the moral issues. What if something goes wrong? It’s an ethical gulf that perhaps is just as great as the challenge of sending a rocket to Mars. “If you are not conscious, how are we going to know what to do if something goes wrong?” Cerri asks. Still, he says he’d be happy to be a volunteer. “I would love to try it.”
Yet there are sceptics who doubt that any of this will lead toward human hibernation useful for space travel. Stanford University neurobiologist Craig Heller has studied black bears and northern brown bears. Lowering their body temperature by only a few degrees, they curl up for months without urinating or defecating. Because bears recycle the nitrogen from their waste products, going for months without moving doesn’t seem to affect their bones or muscles.
Astronauts can barely walk after returning from a few weeks or months in zero gravity, and have to keep up rigorous exerciseprogrammes to maintain bones and muscles while in orbit. So while it might be possible to induce humans into deep sleep by cooling the body, Heller said, a months-long spaceflight under such conditions is likely to be too damaging.
“I think it’s probably not doable,” he said. “The hibernator [animal] has evolved so that all the enzymes and biochemical systems are adapted to run at low temperature. That is not true of animals that don’t experience it. We can lower body temperature and survive that for a short period of time; it’s unlikely we can allow all of our systems to go to a much lower temperature and continue to function.”
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These scientific studies of how the human body reacts in many different extreme environments have been ongoing for centuries. In each case these extreme environments were neutralized by building a structure in which humans could live with all that homeostatic biochemistry.......here we see deep water extreme environment study on human body capacities-----we have decades of NASA studies on long-term space station astronauts. In NASA's case the goals were always to build environmental structures to keep those workers in a stabilized environment so their HOMEOSTATIC body chemistry would not lead to damage, disability, and death.
'Limits
When asked if an aquanaut could stay in the base indefinitely, Mark Hulsbeck offered that it's not known what the limits are, but given the higher density of air and relatively higher amounts of oxygen taken per breath, there would be eventual damage to a human's circulation systems, which Hulsbeck referred to as "pulmonary toxicity." '
What global banking 1% OLD WORLD KINGS AND QUEENS are MOVING FORWARD today is forced exposures of humans to conditions that threaten and undermine body homeostasis just to study whether the human body can adapt over millions of years of EVOLUTION. GOTTA GET THAT GOLD----GOTTA BE TRILLIONAIRES
All US scientific studies of human homeostasis in extreme environments have come to the same conclusion-----EVEN A FEW MONTHS of disruption is intolerable. What global banking 1% MOVING FORWARD telemedicine space travel deep hibernation want to do is push human bodies out of these homeostatic conditions for several years....that is how long it takes to land on MARS for example.
Science
What Happens To A Human Who Spends A Month Under The Sea?
Fabien Cousteau and his team are setting out to break the record for living in an underwater habitat.
By Brian Lam June 10, 2014
Outside Aquarius
Brian Lam
On June 1st, Fabien Cousteau, grandson of Jacques Cousteau, swam down to the last existing undersea habitat research lab in the world, Aquarius, in the Florida Keys. He'll live there for 31 days, which is a day longer than the time his grandfather's team spent living in his undersea habitat, Conshelf II, roughly 50 years ago. Since then, undersea bases have been created all over the world, and have since lost their funding and ceased operation. Aquarius stands as the last.
The aquanauts joining Cousteau on "Mission 31" are photographers, scientists from Northeastern and MIT specializing in marine biology and underwater engineering, and Aquarius staff. Florida International University, the school responsible for saving Aquarius and operating it after NOAA cut funding last year, is of course sending down some of their own scientists, too. They'll all experience the unique challenge of living underwater for over a month in the pressurized saturated diving environment.
Saturated diving is a type of diving which allows the body to gradually soak up inert gases by staying at depth for a long period of time. These gases would harm a standard scuba diver by expanding like the bubbles in a shaken bottle of soda when the diver returns to the surface, causing pain, paralysis, and sometimes death. With the team sleeping in the base, at depth, and never surfacing, the divers are free to experience the most useful part of living in Aquarius: the ability to dive for 2-8 hours a day (as opposed to about an hour maximum per day that a regular scuba diver can achieve) without suffering from decompression sickness. At the end of the mission, the entire base is slowly brought back to normal pressure so that the gases can escape the diver's bodies safely, at which point the divers are free to resurface.
To find out what the human body and mind go through living in an underwater habitat, I spoke to various experts on living underwater, such as John Clark, Scientific Director for the U.S. Navy Experimental Diving Unit, who researches the effects of deep dives to 1,500 feet and Navy saturation diver Marc Chase who has worked on salvage jobs like the recovery of the USS Monitor's wreck. I also spoke to Mark Patterson and Brian Helmuth, Mission 31 science advisors who have spent working time in Aquarius, and Mark Hulsbeck, the oceanographic field operations manager who will have spent 200 days in the base overall by the end of this mission.
In the end, because research about long, relatively shallow underwater living is limited, there are a lot of theories as to the effects of living underwater on human beings, but much of it is controversial, anecdotal, and unproven by even those who study it and have experienced it.
Skin
"There are two kinds of divers, those that pee in their wetsuits and those who are liars."The greatest malady that occurs on these undersea expeditions, according to Mark Hulsbeck, is what some aquanauts call "creeping crud." This ranges from acne to rashes to diaper rash, experienced by divers that pee in their wetsuits. (Given the extended diving time afforded by saturation, urination in a wetsuit is nearly impossible to avoid. Mark Hulsbeck told me "There are two kinds of divers, those that pee in their wetsuits and those who are liars.")
The best cure for these skin maladies is to shower off after every dive and use antibacterial soap, as well as the fresh towels that are frequently delivered to the base in pressure-cooking pots, sealed with bolted lids. Proper hygiene, in other words.
Ear infections are also common, but antiseptic solutions made with aluminum acetate are used to take care of them quickly before the infections can worsen.
Some aquanauts swear that the high-pressure environment, which is 2.5 times the normal pressure at sea level, increases healing times like hyperbaric chambers do, and that cuts can heal overnight. Others believe that to be untrue; hyperbaric chambers that provide oxygen therapy have a much higher level of oxygen in them than the atmosphere in Aquarius.
Besides that, other side effects of living in underwater bases include paleness and reduced vitamin D production, from lack of exposure to the sun. When aquanauts return to the surface, they are distinctly aware of the sensation of wind, which they might have not even realized they were missing.
Taste and Hunger
Many aquanauts have reported that their sense of taste diminishes in the habitat. Mark Patterson theorizes that the higher density of air in the habitat, means that there are fewer parts per million of food odors diffused in the air for the nose to detect. Regardless of what the actual science is, many aquanauts resort to putting hot sauce on everything.
Both the extended dive time and thicker in-habitat air pull heat from divers much more rapidly than a normal sea level atmosphere would, and so their metabolisms must work harder to maintain body temperatures. People tend to eat a lot as a result. In the old days, when the habitat was positioned near land in St. Croix, near land, aquanauts were catered fresh local food like beans, rice, and lobster. After the base was relocated to the Florida Keys (after a hurricane struck St. Croix), aquanauts relied on MREs, with choices diminishing as the season progressed. (Brian Helmuth says that the Salisbury steak was particularly not good.) These days, under the management of Florida International University, Aquarius's aquanauts eat rehydrated freeze-dried camping food, which is high-calorie and varied. Hulsbeck expects the aquanauts to get sick of it before their 31 days are up.
Occasionally, aquanauts receive deliveries of pizza, hamburgers on special request (or lasagna made by Hulsbeck's wife) which are brought down in sealed containers by support divers, but those meals are rare.
Sleep
In the habitat, because of the exhausting nature of being in the water several hours a day and because even time inside the habitat is busy, everyone sleeps really well at night. One aquanaut, professional photographer Kip Evans, complained that silver fish called tarpon swimming near the bedroom porthole, reflecting outside habitat lights back into the bunk room, made it difficult to sleep. The habitat does, however, have plenty of white noise from carbon dioxide scrubbers, and the general static of reef creatures like snapping shrimp and other animals living their lives on and around the base, which has become an artificial reef.
Breathing and Speaking
The greater air density causes aquanauts' speech to become slightly higher pitched when they first enter the base, but either the pitch adjusts or people's ears adjust to the higher-pitched conversation.
Navy divers, Marc Chase told me, take great care to not get respiratory diseases from their dive gear, because the sick person can't be evacuated without the entire team having to also be slowly brought to normal pressure (decompressed) and leaving, too. And in close quarters, it's easier to contaminate each other. They are careful not to let anyone who has an existing cold down into the habitat, and have never had to evacuate the lab because of infection.
Restrooms
Aquanauts use a little hut outside the moonpool, the part of the base with an open floor that gives the aquanauts access to the sea, which they call the gazebo. The gazebo has an air pocket inside of it, and to reach it, aquanauts have to hold their breath and walk or swim over, wearing a swimsuit. Bathroom breaks are often not private as the fish have learned that when a diver enters the gazebo, it's feeding time. After one too many particularly nerve-wracking incidents with fish getting nippy, the Aquarius staff have set up a bubble curtain powered by compressed air to keep the fish away.
Seeing
Other than having to get accustomed to lower amounts of light, people don't report noticing that living underwater affects their vision.
Thinking
Some aquanauts report feeling nitrogen narcosis, a syndrome not uncommonly experienced during diving, wherein at a certain depth a diver can feel drunk. Some have theorized that the depth the habitat is at is not deep enough to cause this effect immediately, but after the aquanauts' bodies become saturated with nitrogen in the habitat after 24 hours, a sense of giddiness occurs. Mark Hulsbeck believes that it might not be nitrogen narcosis at all, but just a sense of joy from doing something as cool as living in an undersea base for a few days.
Psychological Stability
The aquanauts aren't screened for psychological stability or vulnerability to claustrophobia, antisocial behavior, or cabin fever.
Navy saturation divers who plan to be on long missions spend the preceding weeks together to vet out incompatibilities in personality and work ethics, however.
Isolation and Boredom
Back in the day, there were no internet connections in Aquarius, and aquanauts could only read books or stay busy to stave off boredom. Now they can watch Netflix and call their loved ones as often as they want.
Limits
When asked if an aquanaut could stay in the base indefinitely, Mark Hulsbeck offered that it's not known what the limits are, but given the higher density of air and relatively higher amounts of oxygen taken per breath, there would be eventual damage to a human's circulation systems, which Hulsbeck referred to as "pulmonary toxicity." The relatively shallow depth of the base was chosen so that longer saturation missions like this one could be feasible, but rarely do missions come as close to being as long as this one will, as most are only 7-10 days.
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Here is our friend global banking 1% freemason science fiction STAR ------Ray Kurzwell-----with FAKE NEWS and FAKE DATA telling our 99% US and global WE THE PEOPLE that all of these goals of controlling our human autonomous nervous systems are indeed going to happen.
KURZWELL creates in our national media and cultural arts the FADS needed to justify trillions of dollars spent on these goals----the hundreds of millions to few billions of people who will be damaged, disabled, and dead from these medical experiments MOVING FORWARD controlling of brain autonomous neurons---needed in actual nanobot installation inside of brains to achieve the IRON FURNACE LAKE town of POD PEOPLE.
There is no doubt global banking 1% will release nanobots inside human bodies----we discussed that under 5G ENERGY AND TECHNOLOGY public policy, but THIS will never happen--------
'And of course once our neocortex is uploaded to the Cloud, it positions Google perfectly for searching our every thought and pre-thought'.
Loading human body with nanobots as antennae to create microwave ground level environment for 5% SMART CITIES----THAT is MOVING FORWARD.
Medical Nanobots Will Connect Brain to Cloud Computing
– Ray Kurzweil
August 6, 2013
Update on the emergence of DNA nanobots and nanocomputers.
Nicholas West
Activist Post
The Human Body Version 2.0 project features none other than arch-Transhumanist Ray Kurzweil as its main proponent. The goals have been openly stated for some time:
In the coming decades, a radical upgrading of our body’s physical and mental systems, already underway, will use nanobots to augment and ultimately replace our organs. We already know how to prevent most degenerative disease through nutrition and supplementation; this will be a bridge to the emerging biotechnology revolution, which in turn will be a bridge to the nanotechnology revolution. By 2030, reverse-engineering of the human brain will have been completed and nonbiological intelligence will merge with our biological brains.
OH, REALLY?????
Working toward the first Posthuman: courtesy of Ray Kurzweil and the Lifeboat Foundation
In fact, the reverse engineering of the human brain has already been announced to be well under way via new microchips and accompanying software. And, while full nanobot rewiring of the brain is not expected before 2020, Phys.org has reported that our DNA has been successfully targeted by nanobots “for drug therapy or destruction.”
Taking this even one step further, Ray Kurzweil said in a new interview with The Wall Street Journal (see below) that our extension into non-biological realms will include nanobot computers that will enter our brain and connect us to Cloud computing.
From science fiction horror, directly to the human body, the nanobots are no longer speculation. Also unlike science fiction, they won’t arrive via immediate worldwide takeover — they are already here, and will be introduced incrementally, as Kurzweil has previously stated:
It will be an incremental process, one already well under way. Although version 2.0 is a grand project, ultimately resulting in the radical upgrading of all our physical and mental systems, we will implement it one benign step at a time. Based on our current knowledge, we can already touch and feel the means for accomplishing each aspect of this vision. (emphasis added)
Researchers from Columbia University have developed a fleet of molecular nanorobots that can deliver drugs to specific cells and also identify certain genetic markers by using fluorescent labeling. After such identification, a chain reaction can be initiated:
On cells where all three components are attached, a robot is functional and a fourth component (labeled 0 below) initiates a chain reaction among the DNA strands. Each component swaps a strand of DNA with another, until the end of the swap, when the last antibody obtains a strand of DNA that is fluorescently labeled.
At the end of the chain reaction—which takes less than 15 minutes in a sample of human blood—only cells with the three surface proteins are labeled with the fluorescent marker.
DNA POLYMERASE REPLICATION HAS BEEN AROUND THESE 1990S----REPLICATING INSIDE BODY NO BIG DEAL.
Naturally, this type of targeted therapeutic approach could prove beneficial, as the researchers highlight — especially for cancer treatment which sweeps up healthy cells along with malignant ones, very often doing more harm than good (if one were to choose the establishment medical route).
This is always how new technologies are sold to the public, however, and it would be naive not to consider the darker applications as well.
Direct brain modification already has been packaged as “neuroengineering.” A Wired article from early 2009 highlighted that direct brain manipulation via fiber optics is a bit messy, but once installed “it could make someone happy with the press of a button.” Nanobots take the process to an automated level, rewiring the brain molecule by molecule. Worse, these mini droids can autonomously self-replicate, forcing one to wonder how this genie would ever be put back in the bottle once unleashed.
OH, REALLY????? REWIRING MOLECULE BY MOLECULE?
Here is one scenario offered by Kurzweil for how these nanobots could enter our bodies:
A significant benefit of nanobot technology is that unlike mere drugs and nutritional supplements, nanobots have a measure of intelligence. They can keep track of their own inventories, and intelligently slip in and out of our bodies in clever ways. One scenario is that we would wear a special “nutrient garment” such as a belt or undershirt. This garment would be loaded with nutrient bearing nanobots, which would make their way in and out of our bodies through the skin or other body cavities. (emphasis added)
That might seem to offer a level of participatory choice — to wear or not to wear the garment — but Kurzweil reveals that the nanobots will eventually be everywhere:
Ultimately we won’t need to bother with special garments or explicit nutritional resources. Just as computation will eventually be ubiquitous and available everywhere, so too will basic metabolic nanobot resources be embedded everywhere in our environment.
In a recent interview with The Wall Street Journal, Kurzweil highlights why Google has taken an interest in nanotechnology and the possibilities he sees for humans as they increasingly become non-biological and form direct connections with computers, augmenting and/or supplanting our natural processes as we head into the era of cyborgs and beyond:
And of course once our neocortex is uploaded to the Cloud, it positions Google perfectly for searching our every thought and pre-thought. While this might sound like an impossible amount of information to upload, let alone interconnect and search, it is being announced that researchers have designed the first nanocomputer that can push beyond the concept of Moore’s Law, which imposes a theoretical limitation on the expansion of computer processing power.
The team designed and assembled, from the bottom up, a functioning, ultra-tiny control computer that is the densest nanoelectronic system ever built.
A technical paper has been published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on the research.
The ultra-small, ultra-low-power control processor—termed a nanoelectronic finite-state machine or “nanoFSM”—is smaller than a human nerve cell.
In their recent collaboration they combined several tiles on a single chip to produce a first-of-its-kind complex, programmable nanocomputer. (Source)
It shouldn’t be seen as coincidence that these developments are happening simultaneously. What appears on the surface to be discoveries in entirely different fields are coalescing rapidly as we approach the theoretical date of The Singularity – the full merger of human and machine – estimated to occur between 2029-2045.
Despite the benign language of futurists, we know that a concerted effort is already underway to manage and predict human behavior for a whole range of potentially anti-human applications. As our free will is also targeted like the cells of our body — for drug therapy or elimination — ethical concerns must be voiced loud and clear. Scientists seem content with opening Pandora’s Box, then worrying about negative consequences later … and that is only if we assume that their intentions are benign from the beginning. One should take time to examine the history of military experimentation on human populations to see all of this through a very different lens.
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As 99% WE THE PEOPLE allow MOVING FORWARD telemedicine/nanotechnology in medicine continue we will read and hear lots and lots of FAKE NEWS---FAKE DATA on national media telling us of advancements in reading our INNER VOICE-----using the same guessing as any 'mind-reader'.
What our 99% of WE THE PEOPLE must remember, LSD therapy creating psychotic breaks that make people BELIEVE there is something inside their heads telling them what to do----reading their minds-----is the only INNER VOICE happening in goals of global corporate campus POD PEOPLE. With cochlear implants creating that WHISPERING ROOM messaging------global banking 1% can even have our 99% black, white, and brown citizens thinking these messages are coming from GOD.
GLOBAL BANKING 1% OLD WORLD KINGS AND QUEENS WANTING TO BE THOUGHT OF AS GODS AND GODDESSES----WHY NOT.
THE WHISPERING ROOM writer KOONTZ was quite the global banking 1% flatterer----the novel filled with language of 5% freemason/Greeks who are criminal mafia being allowed to be called 'elite' being allowed to have those words of gods and goddesses used in describing them in these MODERN DAYS far from DARK AGES 3000BC.
Mind-reading device invented by scientists to eavesdrop on 'inner voice'
Scientists at the University of California were able to pick up several words that subjects thought using a new mind-reading device
Brain activity could be turned into speech with a new mind-reading device designed by the University of California
Photo: ALAMY
By Sarah Knapton, Science editor
5:05PM GMT 30 Oct 2014
It might seem the stuff of science fiction, but a mind-reading device is being developed by scientists which can evesdrop on your inner-voice.
Reseachers at the University of California, Berkeley, have developed a machine and computer programme which converts brain activity into sounds and words.
Speech activates specific neurons as the brain works interpret the sounds as words. Each word activates a slightly different set of neurons.
Now scientists have started to develop an algorithm that can pick up the activity and translate it back into words in the hope it might help people who are unable to speak.
"If you're reading text in a newspaper or book, you hear a voice in your own head," Brian Pasley told New Scientist magazine.
"We're trying to decode the brain activity related to that voice to create a medical prosthesis that can allow someone who is paralysed or locked in to speak."
The team recorded the brain activity of seven people undergoing epilepsy surgery while they looked at a screen displaying the nusery rhyme Humpty Dumpty, the Gettysbury Address or the inaugural speech of President John F Kennedy.
Their brain activity was monitored as they read aloud the text and when they read it silently in their heads.
Electrodes distributed over the brain Credit: Adeen Flinker, UC Berkeley
From the spoken data the team managed to build a personal 'decoder' for each patient which interpreted the information and turned into a visual representation.
They then applied the decoder to brain activity during silent reading and found that they could reconstruct several words that were being thought just through neural imaging alone.
The reseachers also tested the decode and algorithm with Pink Floyd sons to see which neurons respond to different musical notes.
Although, at an early stage, the team is hopeful that eventually it could be used to monitor what people are thinking when they can no longer speak.
In 2011, researchers at UC Berkeley used MRI scanners to monitor the blood flow in people's brains as they watched films including Madagascar 2, Pink Panther 2 and Star Trek unfold on a screen.
After analysing how the brain's visual centre responded to on-screen movements, the scientists created a computer program which could accurately guess what the person was looking at.
By monitoring the brain activity of people while they watched Hollywood movie trailers, researchers were able to recreate a moving picture similar to the real footage being played.
In 2010 the University of Utah provied that they could pick up the words yes, no, hot, cold, hungry, thirsty, hello, goodbye, more and less by placing electrodes directly onto the brain.